![]() Coalitions of adult acorn woodpeckers nest together, localizing to storage granaries. ![]() Cooperative breeding occurs in two ways: coalitions and family groups. Cooperative breeding, defined as more than two birds taking care of nestlings in the nest, is a relatively rare evolutionary trait that is thought to occur in only nine percent of bird species. Behaviour and ecology Breedingįield studies have shown that breeding groups range from monogamous pairs to breeding collectives, sometimes called "coalitions". Nests are excavated in a large cavity in a dead tree or a dead part of a tree. This species may occur at low elevations in the north of its range, but rarely below 1,000 m (3,300 ft) in Central America, and it breeds up to the timberline. The acorn woodpecker's habitat is forested areas with oaks in the coastal areas and foothills of Oregon, California, and the southwestern United States, south through Central America to Colombia. Acorn woodpeckers have a call that sounds almost like they are laughing. White circles on their wings are visible when in flight. When flying, they take a few flaps of their wings and drop a foot or so. The white neck, throat, and forehead patches are distinctive identifiers. The adult male has a red cap starting at the forehead, whereas females have a black area between the forehead and the cap. There is a small part on the small of their backs where there are some green feathers. The adult acorn woodpecker has a brownish-black head, back, wings and tail, white forehead, throat, belly and rump. striatipectus Ridgway, 1874 – Nicaragua to west Panama lineatus (Dickey & Van Rossem, 1927) – Chiapas (south Mexico) to north Nicaragua ![]() albeolus Todd, 1910 – east Chiapas (southeast Mexico) to Belize and northeast Guatemala formicivorus ( Swainson, 1827) – southwest USA to southeast Mexico angustifrons Baird, SF, 1870 – south Baja California (Mexico) bairdi Ridgway, 1881 – Oregon (USA) to north Baja California (Mexico) ![]()
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